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A data set of 140 selected rice varieties from regional registration testing in the Mekong delta published from 2018 to 2020 with four rice registering groups was studied for quality properties and the correlation between each quality parameter and comprehensive taste quality in this paper.. The differences in rice quality among four registering groups and three taste categories were identified. (1) Three groups of A0, A1, and A2 could be divided into fairly good and medium taste categories only whereas the aromatic group could be divided into three taste categories. (2) In A0, A1 and A2 groups, the amylose content of the fairly good taste category was lower than that of medium taste category in three groups, by 5.91%, 4.38% and 6.38% respectively (P<0.05). However, the gel consistency of fairly good taste category was higher than that of medium one, by 25.79mm, 16.53mm and 26.66mm respectively. (3) In the aromatic group, the hulling percentage and milling percentage of good taste category were lower than that of medium one, by 2.65% and 2.47% respectively. The grain length, length/width ratio, smell and taste of high taste quality category rice were higher than those of medium taste category rice, by 1.04mm, 1.3, 1.72 and 0.79 respectively, however, the amylose content was non-significantly different among three taste quality categories (P<0.05). (4) The smell and tenderness were found highly positive correlation to comprehensive taste quality but amylose content was highly negative correlated to comprehensive taste quality in all groups (P<0.01).

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) combined with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and sucrose on the shoot and root regeneration of Paph. micranthum var. North Vietnam. Young fresh leaves were cut into small explants and then cultured on media containing 2,4-D (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 ppm). Within each of the 2,4-D concentration, BAP was added at three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 ppm) for callus induction after 4 weeks. Shoot tips (2-3 mm in length) from the leaf-derived calluses were then transferred vertically on half-strength MS medium (2,4-D combined with BAP (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 ppm) for shooting, and rootless shoots with 2 leaves were transferred to the same MS medium for rooting after 4 months of culture. Rootless shoots with 2 leaves were also transferred vertically on half-strength MS medium with different sucrose concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, or 40 g L-1) to optimize the growth and development of the plantlets. The results indicated that the optimum degree of shoot and root regeneration occurred on half-strength MS medium containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D combined with 2.0 ppm BAP. Approximately 86.6% of the cultures responded with 3.3 shoots and 3.0 leaves/explant. In addition, under the optimal concentrations, the number and length of roots per explant after 4 months of culture were 2.1 roots per explant and an average root length of 1.1 cm. MS medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose had the highest number of leaves and roots, and also the longest average length of roots, which gave 3.8 leaves, 3.3 roots/explant, and a root length of 1.8 cm after 4 months.

Mineral nutrients are essential to plant growth and development. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mineral fertilizer doses and N:P:K ratio on growth, yield, and raw material quality of the tea variety PH10 to improve the production of high-quality tea products. The field experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2017. A two-factor experiment was designed by pplit-plot design with three replications. The mainplot treatments were three fertilizer doses of N  for one metric ton of fresh shoot products (30, 40, and 50 kg N ha-1). The subplot treatments were two NPK ratios (3:1:1 and 3:1:2). Plant height, leaf canopy, plant diameter, shoot yield parameters, shoot components, biochemical compounds, and sensory quality for Oolong and Sencha tea products were evaluated. The results showed that increasing fertilizer doses improved remarkably growth, yield, and made tea quality of PH10 variety up to 40 kg N ton-1. Different fertilizer ratios resulted in variations in plant growth, the content of carbohydrate, sensory quality for taste and flavor as well as total sensory quality with higher values at NPK ratio of 3:1:2. Applying mineral fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 3:1:2 and  40 kg N per ton of fresh shoot products was recommended to bring about the most benefits of tea yield and quality as well as economic profit.  

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen forms on root system development (expressed as total root length, nodal root number, nodal root length, and lateral root length), water use, photosynthetic rate, and dry matter production under water deficit (WD) at 20% w/w and continuously waterlogged (CWL) conditions. Rice plants cv. Nipponbare were grown in plastic pots in a vinyl house. Six N forms were applied at the same rate of 360 mg N per pot, and were prepared as follows: N-NH4+ alone (A); N-NH4+ with nitrification inhibitor (A+DCD); N-NO3- alone (N); N-NO3- with nitrification inhibitor (N+DCD); combined N-NH4+ and N-NO3- (AN); and combined N-NH4+ and N-NO3- with nitrification inhibitor (AN+DCD). The nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD) (C2H4N4), was applied at the rate of 100 mg pot-1. The results of the experiment showed that under both WD and CWL conditions, significant increases were seen in the root system development as expressed through total root length, nodal root number, nodal root length, and lateral root length in the N-NO3- treatments with and without DCD compared to the application of N-NH4+ treatments with and without DCD. This led to an increase in water use, and eventually a significant increase in dry matter production. Similarly, the A treatments with and without DCD also significantly increased root system development as compared with the AN and AN+DCD treatments. Furthermore, under both CWL and WD conditions, the positive and notably significant correlations between the total root length and water use, as well as between the total root length and shoot dry weight, were found only in the A and A+DCD treatments. These results indicate that rice prefers sole ammonium over the mixed ammonium-nitrate treatment, and sole nitrate applications under both WD and CWL conditions.

This study aimed to estimate allelic and genotypic frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MC4R (melanocortin-4-receptor gene) and PIT1 (pituitary specific transcription factor-1) genes, their additive dominance genetic effects on production and carcass traits in Duroc pigs. A total of 2170 tail tissue samples (1728 gilts and 442 male pigs) were collected at Dabaco Nucleus Breeding Pig Company, Bac Ninh province, Vietnam from January 2017 to June 2020. The polymorphisms in MC4R and PIT1 genes were detected using the PCR-RFLP method. For MC4R, the frequencies of alleles A and G were 0.430 and 0.570, respectively. The frequencies of alleles A and B were 0.460 and 0.540 respectively for PIT1. The genotype frequency of the MC4R gene was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=0.375), while not for PIT1 (P <0.001). MC4R and PIT1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with final body weight and average daily gain (P<0.001). Significant additive effects were also found (P<0.05) for the two traits. The selection of individuals with MC4R genotype AA and PIT1 genotype AA could improve final body weight and average daily gain.

The study aimed to evaluate meat yield and meat quality of Hac Phong chickens. A total of 100 birds (50 males and 50 females)from 1 days of agewas raised at the experimental station of Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture . The chickens were fed ad libitum with a complete compound feed. Twenty chickens (10 males and 10 females) were slaughtered at 20 weeks of age with an average live weight of 1303.70 kg. The results found the carcass, breast, and thigh meat percentages were 70.36%, 16.16%, and 22.42%, respectively. The pH value at 15 min and 24 h post-mortem were in the normal range. The color of the meat was dark. The L* (lightness) value was low. The drip loss and cooking loss percentages were low while the tenderness was high. Hac Phong chicken meat contained a high crude protein content (27.71%) and low cholesterol content (25.45%).

We evaluated the digestibility of plant oils and their influence on the growth and fatty acid composition in common carp. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of lipids were determined in carp (200.2 ± 40.0g) fed with cod liver oil (CLO), linseed oil (LO), sunflower oil (SFO), or sesame oil (SO). A 96-day growth trial was then conducted using six isolipidic (from 100 to 101 g/kg diet) diets, CLO, LO, SFO, SO, and two blends of plant oils (SLO = SO + LO; SSFO = SO + SFO). Lipid ADC values (0.920-0.972) were similar or slightly lower in plant oil-based diets than in CLO-based diets. Growth and feed efficiency (FE) were not influenced by dietary lipids. The fatty acid profile in the liver and muscle reflected those of the dietary lipids. The EPA and DHA proportions were higher in the liver and muscle of LO and SLO fish than in other plant oil groups, even though lower than in CLO fish (P <0.05). Higher levels of EPA, DHA, and n3/n6 ratio in the muscle of fish fed on the linseed oil (LO), as compared to those in fish fed on other plant oil-based diets, are ideal for human health and suggest that it can be used as a suitable alternative to fish oil.

Combined systems for wastewater treatment and resource recovery have been developed in many countries, however, systems for energy generation are still underdeveloped. This research was conducted to evaluate the possibility of electric potential generation from domestic wastewater using a microbial fuel cell system (MFC). The simple two-chamber apparatus (2 liters) was fed with wastewater collected from dormitory discharge. Three batch experiments were carried out with 2 liters of wastewater with an influent concentration of 518 mg/L BOD5 and 750 mg/L COD. The results showed that the microbial fuel cell system generated a potential from 0.29 to 0.45 V for 7 days in the presence of 1.0-1.5% (v/v) Bacillus subtilis while this potential was not obtained in the case when microbes were not added. The highest removal efficiencies of BOD5 and COD reached 56% and 63%, respectively. It was found that the potential dropped to almost zero in all of the treatments while the ratio of BOD:COD was at 0.83 and the concentration of BOD was around 230 mg/L, indicating that other governing factors may have an impact on potential electricity generation. Therefore, further studies on the effects of the operating conditions and equipment should be comprehensively studied.

This study was conducted to analyze water quality in a coastal province of Vietnam using multivariate statistical methods, namely cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Twelve parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite (N-NO2−), nitrate (N-NO3−), ammonium (N-NH4+), orthophosphate (P-PO43−), chloride (Cl−), iron (Fe), and coliforms were collected at 10 locations in the dry season in 2020. The results showed that surface water was polluted by TSS, organic matters, nutrients, salinity, and coliforms compared to the national technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT). Cluster analysis results classified the original 10 sampling locations into 3 groups due to BOD, COD, TSS, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, coliforms, and salinity. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that 3 principal components (PCs) can explain 84.5% of the variance of surface water quality parameters in the study area. Moreover, pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, N-NO3-, P-PO43−, coliforms, and Cl‑ were the key variables that influenced surface water quality in the dry season. The findings in this study can provide useful information for policymakers in developing the program of surface water quality management and protection.

In this study, pot culture experiments were carried out to investigate the most suitable level of fly ash for an amelioration of soil that can enhance the management of fly ash. The fly ash recovered from the Mong Duong 2 coal-fired thermal power plant has the main chemical composition of oxygen (43%), Si (26%), Al (15%), K (9%), and Fe (6%). The addition of fly ash to light texture soil has increased some basic properties of the soil, such as moisture, cation exchange capacity, mechanical composition, as well as organic matter content. The results of the performance evaluation of experimental crops (soybeans) show the effects of the amended soil on the growth of experimental plants such as the number of fruits, number of nodules, and their dry biomass. The incorporation of manure into the sandy soil amended with fly ash in the pot experiment as the single application of fly ash may not provide enough nutrients for plant growth despite its ameliorant effect on soil structure. The appropriate fly ash addition rate from 10 - 30% w/w was recommended to apply for soil amelioration based on the results of this study. The research opens up an application direction for fly ash, a by-product generated from the operation of coal-fired power plants in Viet Nam.

Dredging plays a crucial role in port management, but the conventional practice of disposing of dredged material in the ocean has raised environmental concerns. In recent years, this practice has become more prevalent in Vietnam. The current study is dedicated to examining the dispersion of total suspended solids (TSS) in seawater, which arises from submerging dredged material in Vung Ang Port, located in northern Vietnam. By evaluating the environmental impact of this process, the study aims to shed light on the potential consequences of such practices and their implications for sustainability and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) considerations. The study utilizes the MIKE to simulate the dispersion TSS during the 16 weeks of submersion dredged materials into the sea. The model is validated with observed data and adjusted to accurately reproduce wave, water flow, and water level fields. The simulation shows that the propagation of TSS had a significant impact within a radius of 16-17 km from the submersion location, with the most severe impact occurring within a radius of 2-3 km. The TSS concentration in the environment was found to be higher than the allowable limit, and the pollution dispersion reached its peak after 4-5 weeks. The degree of seawater occupation reaches a maximum of 49.05 ha and 140.66 ha for the area with a water depth increase above 0.5m and 0.1m, respectively. The study illustrates that submersion of dredged materials into the ocean will have negative impacts on the environment...

Agricultural field wastes contain a large amount of active chemicals in the form of pesticide residues. However, treatment of these active chemicals is still weak since a more complex process is required. This study aimed to extract pesticide residues from field waste bags using baking soda (NaHCO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and a cleaning solution, and then remove the pesticides from the wastewater by the photo-Fenton reaction. The pesticide bags were collected from intensive paddy fields in Hanoi. The research was conducted on samples of selected fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. The results showed that a 1% NaHCO3 solution had an optimal extraction performance and obtained a high rate of COD after 15 minutes of exposure, followed by CH3COOH and the cleaning solvent. The extraction process under the photo-Fenton reaction was enhanced by circulation (25 liters per min) and aeration (60 liters per minute). It was found that alanine, carbaryl, and carbamate were in the extracted solutions. The removal efficiency by the photo-Fenton reactions with 254nm UV light at pH around 3.0 increased from 64% to 92% for these residues when the ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 increased from 1:5 to 1:15. This study shows a potential pesticide treatment from field waste bags by photo-Fenton reactions to reduce negative impacts on the environment and ecosystem.

Outbreaks of the Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) have caused significant losses in North and Central Vietnam in recent years, especially in 2009-2010 and 2017. To detect the virus, traditional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology and immunoassays are currently employed. RT-PCR is accurate but requires expensive chemicals and instruments, as well as complex procedures that limit its applicability for field tests. To develop a cheaper, simpler and reliable SRBSDV diagnosis assay based on the dot - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) method, anti-SRBSDV polyclonal antibodies were produced by using the antigens derived from P10 coat protein of SRBSDV, which was achieved from the previous study. The IgG antibody purified from antiserum of recombinant P10-immunized mice by protein A-agarose affinity chromatography could detect specifically either target protein or SRBSDV at a dilution of 1:100000. In the trial test of SRBSDV diagnosis, dot-ELISA assay using obtained anti-SRBSDV antibody showed the accuracy rate of 90.9% in comparison with standard RT-PCR assay. These results were important premises for the large-scale application of dot-ELISA assay for SRBSDV diagnosis in order to protect rice crops against viral disease damage.

The ftsZ proteins have been well-characterized to play a crucial role in the cell division. Here, we reported a comprehensive analysis of the ftsZ proteins in Bacillus and Lactococcus genus groups by the bioinformatics approaches. As the results, we identified and characterized ftsZ proteins in 19 Bacillus and 22 Lactococcus species. The sizes and weights of the ftsZ proteins in Bacillus and Lactococcus genus groups ranged from 376 to 410 aa residues, 387 to 430 aa residues, and from 39.53 to 44.15 kDa, 41.14 to 45.11 kDa, respectively. All ftsZ proteins in Bacillus and Lactococcus species were acidic and globular and localized in the cytoplasm. Next, the 3D model and multiple alignments have been performed. We realized that the ftsZ proteins in Bacillus and Lactococcus species exhibited five specific regions. Taken together, our study could provide a general background for further functional characterization of the ftsZ proteins in Bacillus and Lactococcus species.

The research focused on evaluating the economic efficiency of swine farms applying biosecurity practices in Bac Ninh Province. Our study surveyed 143 pig farms in Bac Ninh province. The ordinal logit regression model was employed to estimate the factors affecting the level of biosecurity practices. Moreover, the semi-log regression model was used to examine the influence of some factors affecting the profitability of pig farms. The results showed that biosecurity practices had a significant impact on the economic efficiency of livestock farms by helping livestock farms increase their economic efficiency, reducing the mortality rate of animals, and reducing the rate of abandonment of farms.  The factors affecting the level of biosecurity application on the farms included the gender, experience, and education of the farm owner, and the livestock scale. The results aslo expressed a negative relationship between the economic efficiency of the farm and seeding costs, electricity and water costs, feeding costs, labor costs, and veterinary medicine costs, and a positive relationship between the economic efficiency and selling price as well as between the livestock scale and biosecurity application. Finally, some appropriated solutions could be recommended for the improvement of the economic efficiency of swine farms applying biosecurity practices.

The article attempted to examine the influences of social and economic determinants on poverty in seven Southeast Asian countries, namely Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam, between 1996 and 2013 using a panel dataset. It was empirically found that the average GDP per capita and Gini index contributed to poverty reduction in Southeast Asian countries. The results also addressed that the population and poverty gap had positive impacts on the rate of the poverty headcount in the region. Policies were recommended to accelerate economic growth, reduce poverty, and achieve sustainable development in Southeast Asia. First, economic growth should be fostered since it assists in reducing poverty in Southeast Asian countries. Second, although the growth of population provides the labor forces to the economy, population growth in Southeast Asia should be carefully controlled since it increases poverty in the region. Third, an increase in the number of rich inhabitants in the society should be encouraged because it can mitigate poverty in the region. Finally, policies in redistributing income as well as in narrowing down income inequality in each society should be considered by the governments because these contribute to poverty reduction in the region.

Vietnam and Myanmar are major exporters of melons (Citrullus lanatus) to China. Among all fresh fruits, melons account for Myanmar’s and Vietnam’s largest export volume and values. Over 90% of Myanmar’s melons are exported via border trade, primarily to China. Measuring the own and cross-price elasticities of imported melons into China that come from Vietnam and Myanmar can help each exporter understand the market potential for their melons. The objective of the study was to estimate own and cross price elasticities of imported melons into China differentiated by exporting country. The demand system of imported melons in China is estimated using a source differentiated Linear Approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS). The results suggest that imported melons are weakly separable from other imported fruits. While melons from Vietnam and Myanmar are substitutes for each other, the price of rest of the world (ROW) melons did not have a significant effect on China’s imports of melons from Vietnam or Myanmar. The estimated coefficients from the seasonal dummy variables included in the demand equations show little seasonality in the market shares of Vietnam, Myanmar and the ROW for melon imports to China

Small and Medium Enterprises, at over 90% of total enterprises, play the important role in economic development not only in Hanoi but also whole of Vietnam country. As an effective tool in business management, accounting supplies the important information for making decisions. Recently, information technology in business, especially in accounting works or e-accounting, has increased to take the advantages as much as possible and been considered making the change of accountants’ role in business. In order to show the evidences of these changes for being the background of issuing solutions to improve the information technology application in accounting area of enterprises, this study conducted a survey of 186 small and medium-sized enterprises in Hanoi. The research results showed that the knowledge of current accounting staffs is one of two most obstacles to improve application of information technology or develop E-accounting in accounting areas of small and medium-sized enterprises. Almost enterprises accepted the positive features of information technology for accounting work, whereas they still strongly consider about the dynamic as well as satisfaction of specific information technology products in the accounting work, especially in appearing the new business transactions

The basket of meat consumption has been changed during the last decade in Vietnam, and beef consumption has increased recently. The paper draws beef consumption behavior of households in Dien Bien province, Northwest Vietnam. Data was collected from a survey of 108 consumers and 3 FGDs. It is an evident that preferences of beef consumers are varied among different ethnic groups. The important criteria used in selecting meat were color, freshness and tenderness. Consumers mentioned the consideration for meat packaging, nutritional information and quality certification but with little concern, while almost no concern was shown for animal welfare in purchasing beef. As consumers’ choice of purchasing beef is very much influenced by meat appearance, an improved condition of butcher counter is suggested as an immediate measure. There exists an opportunity to introduce ‘cold’ beef widely as a longer-term measure.