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The Vegetable and Flower Production in the Central Highlands of Vietnam: Current Status and Perspective Strategies

Vu Quynh Hoa, Ngo Minh Hai, Nguyen Duc Huy, Tran Van Quang, Ninh Thi Phip, Bui The Khuynh, Bui Ngoc Tan, Vu Thanh Hai, Nguuyen Duc Khanh, Nguyen Anh Duc, Pham Anh Tuan, Nguyen Van Loc, Tran Duc Vien

Received: Oct 30, 2020 / Published: Dec 31, 2020
Despite significant contributions of vegetable and flower production to the improvement of the livelihoods of household producers in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, several challenges facing the development of this sector require a general evaluation. This study aimed at assessing the current situation and economic efficiency of flowers and vegetables and analyzing the application of production techniques on the cultivation of these crops. Based on secondary data sources combined with a primary survey of 144 vegetable farmers and 74 flower growers in all five provinces (Lam Dong, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Kon Tum, and Gia Lai) of the area in 2018, descriptive statistics and economic values were applied to provide an overview of the development of vegetable and flower production of the region. Findings showed that there were large differences in yields and economic efficiencies of vegetables and flowers among the five provinces of the Central Highlands. Accordingly, the yields and economic efficiencies of vegetables and flowers in Lam Dong were two to five times higher than those in other provinces (Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Kon Tum, and Gia Lai). In addition, the applications of technological advances in vegetable and flower production remained limited. Major challenges for flower and vegetable development included the lack of irrigation water, weak capabilities of building flower and vegetable brands, and limitations in market access. Solutions to improve production technology implications, develop brands of high-quality products, and raise the ability to access market for all vegetable and flower stakeholders are highly recommended.
Comparative Analysis of an Integral Component of Bacterial Cell Division from the Lactococcusand BacillusGenera

Tong Van Hai, Vu Ngoc Lan, Pham Thu Ha, Le Thi Van, Tran Thi Hong Hanh, Bui Thi Thu Huong, Nguyen Hai Phuong, Ha Thi Quyen, Ha Duc Chu

Received: Dec 30, 2022 / Published: Dec 29, 2023
FtsZ proteins have been well-characterized to play a crucial role in cell division. Unfortunately, data are scarce on FtsZ proteins in the Lactococcus and Bacillus genera. The objective of this study was to analyze the features of FtsZ proteins in the Bacillus and Lactococcus genus groups. By exploring the available genomes, we identified and characterized FtsZ proteins in 19 Bacillus and 22 Lactococcus species. The sizes and weights of the FtsZ proteins ranged from 376 to 410 aa residues and 39.53 to 44.15 kDa in the Bacillus genus, respectively, and from 387 to 430 aa residues and 41.14 to 45.11 kDa in the Lactococcus genus, respectively. All the FtsZ proteins in the Bacillus and Lactococcus species were acidic and globular, and localized in the cytoplasm. Next, 3D modeling and multiple alignments were performed. We realized that the FtsZ proteins in the Bacillus and Lactococcus species exhibited five specific regions. Taken together, our study could provide a general background for further functional characterization of the FtsZ proteins in Bacillus and Lactococcus species.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Piggery and Biogas Digesters in the North of Vietnam

Pham Van Dung, Duong Cong Hoan, Arango Jacobo, Tran Dai Nghia, Nguyen Tri Kien, Arevalo Ashly, Douxchamps Sabine

Received: Aug 03, 2020 / Published: Dec 31, 2020
Increases in pig farm densities have caused great pressures on waste management systems and produce massive manure and urine quantities in Vietnam. This study aimed to identify the role and contributions of biogas digesters to better manage the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from pig wastes for different types of pig farms in the north of Vietnam. Four provinces, namely Thanh Hoa, Phu Tho, Thai Binh, Vinh Phuc, were identified. A total of 24 farms were purposively selected including 16 small-size farms and 8 larger-size farms. The findings showed that GHG emissions from small-size farms (154.8 t CO2-eq.yr-1) did not significantly differ from the amounts measured in larger-size farms (139.1 t CO2-eq.yr-1) in the four surveyed provinces. The sampling position did not significantly affect the GHG emission rates, with 173.9 t CO2-eq.yr-1 inside piggeries and 120.8 t CO2-eq.yr-1 outside the outlet of the biogas digesters (p-value=0.09). N2O emissions require further measurements at different farm sizes and sites. These results confirmed that the pig waste management of biogas digesters for both small-size and larger-size pig farms is not completely efficient and that efforts need to be invested in to mitigate GHG emissions in pig production. Reducing pig density per piggery is highly recommended. The application of other alternative aerobic or anaerobic digestion technologies like vermicompost, effective microorganisms, and composting should also be encouraged and promoted.
Comprehensive Analysis of Morphological Variation among 24 Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) Genotypes Oriented to Ornamental Breeding in Vietnam

Tran Thien Long, Nguyen Hong Minh, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Tran Thi Minh Hang, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Nguyen Tien Long, Nguyen Thi Minh

Received: Dec 23, 2019 / Published: Sep 30, 2020
Tomato is one of the most important vegetables cultivated in Vietnam. Besides its regular consumption as a vegetable, a new demand for using tomato as a decorative plant on special occasions was identified in recent years. This study aimed to characterize new tomato accessions on their desirable morphological traits to select potential materials for further breeding programs of ornamental tomato varieties in Vietnam. Twenty-four heirloom tomato genotypes were evaluated on 19 morphological traits. Based on the describing system for tomato developed by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI, 1996), significant variation was assessed in both qualitative and quantitative traits related to fruit morphology. The results of principle component analysis indicated that three main principle components explained over 60% of the total phenotypic variation. The five traits of fruit size, fruit shoulder shape, fruit cross-sectional shape, number of locules, and shape of the pistil scar were recommended as important traits for clustering tomato genotypes in this study. In addition, the 24 genotypes were classified at the coefficient of 0.39 into six different clusters. Finally, six interesting accessions, AU66, AU67, AU68, AU73, AU79, and AU83 (with strange fruit colors and shapes), were selected as potential materials for further breeding programs of ornamental tomato in Vietnam.
Development of a Dot-Elisa Assay for Diagnosis of Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Disease in the Field

La Duc Duy, Do Thi Hanh, Bui Thi Thu Huong, Pham Thu Hang, Ha Viet Cuong, Pham Xuan Hoi, Dam Quang Hieu, Nguyen Duy Phuong

Received: Aug 09, 2021 / Published: Sep 30, 2022
Outbreaks of the Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) have caused significant losses in many rice-growing areas in Vietnam, especially in both North and Central Vietnam in recent years. To detect the virus, traditional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology and immunoassays are currently employed. RT-PCR is accurate but requires expensive chemicals and instruments, as well as complex procedures that limit its applicability for field tests. To develop a cheaper, simpler, and reliable SRBSDV diagnosis assay based on the dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) method, anti-SRBSDV polyclonal antibodies were produced by using the antigens derived from the P10 coat protein of SRBSDV, which was achieved from a previous study. The IgG antibody purified from the antiserum of recombinant P10-immunized mice by protein A-agarose affinity chromatography could specifically detect both the target protein and SRBSDV at a dilution of 1:100000. In the trial test of SRBSDV diagnosis, the dot-ELISA assay using the obtained anti-SRBSDV antibody showed an accuracy rate of 90.9% in comparison with the standard RT-PCR assay. These results are important premises for the large-scale application of dot-ELISA assay for SRBSDV diagnosis in order to protect rice crops against viral disease damage.
Optimal Culture Conditions for the Enhanced Mycelial Growth and Cultivation of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes)

Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Nguyen Thi Mo, Nguyen Thi Luyen, Ngo Xuan Nghien

Received: May 24, 2023 / Published: Dec 29, 2023
Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, commonly known as shiitake mushroom, is one of the most popular edible mushrooms with valuable medicinal properties. Despite its global popularity, the cultivation of shiitake in Vietnam has been limited due to a lack of research on this macrofungus. This study aimed to optimize the culture conditions for the mycelial growth and fruiting body development of two shiitake strains, J1 and J2. The culture conditions were optimized by one-factor-at-a-time method. A temperature of 25°C was found to be optimal for the growth of both strains, while glucose was identified as the most effective carbon source. Yeast extract and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) were found to be the optimal nitrogen sources for favorable mycelial growth of strains J1 and J2, respectively. The most suitable spawning material for upscaling the mycelium was a mixture of 74% grain rice, 25% sawdust, and 1% CaCO3. Additionally, the cultivation of strain J2 on a mixture of 69% corncobs, 20% sawdust, 10% wheat bran, and 1% CaCO3 led to a higher biological yield (36.5%) than that of strain J1 (23.5%). These findings provide useful information for improving the cultivation technology of shiitake and expanding its cultivation in Vietnam.
Toward Audio Beehive Monitoring Based on IoT-AI techniques: A Survey and Perspective

Nguyen Huu Du, Nguyen Doan Dong, Vu Thi Luu, Nguyen Van Hoang, Pham Hong Thai, Phan Thanh Ngoc, Nguyen Viet Long, Phan Thi Thu Hong

Received: May 14, 2020 / Published: Sep 29, 2020
In beekeeping, monitoring beehives plays an important role to make sure the health of bee colonies and to reduce negative effects that could happen for the colonies. A large number of studies have been carried out to improve the performance of monitoring beehives from the traditional manual methods. Especially, the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in recent time has led to significant effects in the monitoring process. These new methods, however, have not yet been interested and applied in Vietnam. To understand the use of the AI-based technologies in automatic monitoring beehives, this paper provides a survey on the beehive monitoring system based on audio data and AI techniques. Opportunities and perspectives for the applications of these techniques in audio-based monitoring beehive in Vietnam are also discussed.
Impacts of Culture Conditions on Ligninolytic Enzymes (LIP, MNP, and Lac) Activity of Five Bacterial Strains

Pham Hong Hien, Tran Van Mau, Nguyen Thanh Huyen, Tran Thi Dao, Nguyen Van Giang, Tran Thi Hong Hanh, Nguyen Thi Cam Chau, Nguyen Xuan Canh

Received: Feb 27, 2020 / Published: Sep 01, 2020
In this study, with the aim of determining and assessing the influence of several culture conditions on the ligninolytic enzyme (LiP, MnP, and Lac) activity of bacteria, five lignin-degrading bacteria strains were isolated from two different soil samples and cultured on minimum salt medium agar containing alkaline lignin (MSML agar). Among the five isolated strains, DL1 and X3 expressed strong and stable ligninase enzyme activity at various temperature levels (30°C, 37°C, 50°C, and 60°C) and were selected for further study. Notably, at 60°C, the ligninase activity of both strains lasted until the seventh day before decreasing. The effects of the culture medium conditions, namely, carbohydrate sources, nitrogen sources, and pH, on the ligninolytic system illustrated that both X3 and DL1 were able to generate good enzymatic activity at a pH range of 3.0 to 7.0. These strains could use various sources of carbohydrates and nitrogen, derived from glucose, lactose, peptone, meat extract, and yeast extract. In addition, the analyses of biochemical characteristics revealed that X3 was capable of hydrolyzing starch and cellulose, while DL1 was not. Therefore, the results of this study suggested the potential of applying selected lignin-degrading bacterial strains on lignin treatments of agricultural wastes.
Additive Genetic Effects of RNF4, RBP4, and IGF2 Polymorphisms on Litter Size in Landrace and Yorkshire Sows

Nguyen Thi Vinh, Do Duc Luc, Nguyen Hoang Thinh, Ha Xuan Bo, Hoang Ngoc Mai, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Farnir Frederic, Vu Dinh Ton

Received: Dec 24, 2018 / Published: Jun 07, 2019
The association of the RNF4, RBP4, and IGF2 genotypes and their additive genetic effects with litter size in purebred Landrace and Yorkshire sows were studied. The results revealed significant associations between the RNF4 and RBP4 genotypes with the total number of piglets born (TNB) and number of piglets born alive (NBA) traits (P <0.05). The RNF4 CC genotype had greater TNB and NBA than the TT genotype in both breeds. The RBP4 BB genotype had greater TNB and NBA than the AA genotype in the Landrace breed. Significant additive effects of the RNF4 and RBP4 genes on the TNB and NBA were detected (P <0.05). No significant associations of the IGF2 genotypes and their additive effects with any reproductive traits were observed in both Landrace and Yorkshire sows (P >0.05). The results suggested that the RNF4 and RBP4 genes could be useful in selection for increasing TNB and NBA traits in pigs.
Studies on the Biological Characteristics of the Bt116 Lingzhi Mushroom Strain (Tomophagus sp.) Collected in Hanoi

Anh Dong Tran, Minh Nhat Ngo Nguyen, Nghien Xuan Ngo, Bich Thuy Thi Nguyen, Luyen Thi Nguyen, Canh Xuan Nguyen

Received: Oct 19, 2018 / Accepted: Oct 22, 2018 / Published: Oct 22, 2018
In this study, an unknown mushroom species collected on rotting trunks of Ficus elastica in the Hanoi Botanical Garden was investigated. It was designated as Bt116. Based on the observed morphological characteristics, such as irregularly semi-circular, slightly yellow pileus; very soft, homogeneous, spongy, creamy white context; short and not clear stipes; and basidiospores typical of ganoderma mushrooms, etc., we hypothesized that Bt116 belongs to the Tomophagus Murr. mushroom genus. Some biological characteristics of the Bt116 strain were made. The results indicated that the temperature 35°C was optimal for Bt116 mycelial growth; an alkaline environment (pH 8.0) was conducive for the mycelial growth of Bt116 among a range of pH levels from 4.0 to 9.0; aerobic conditions were better than anaerobic conditions for the growth of Bt116 mycelium; and lighting time showed no significant effects on the growth of Bt116 mycelium.
Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Determine the Influencing Factors of Recycling Pig Wastewater for Crop Cultivation in Hanoi City

Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Tran Cong Chinh, Tran Duc Vien, Nguyen Tat Thang; Ngo The An

Received: Dec 05, 2022 / Published: Jun 30, 2023
The study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the use of pig wastewater for crop cultivation in Hanoi city. Through the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to develop the theoretical framework and structural equation modeling, the study showed that the behavior intention influenced the recycling behavior. Attitude toward the behavior (AT), social norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were important influencing factors on the intention to perform this behavior with standardized regression coefficients of ß = 0.96 (P <0.001), ß = -0.826 (P <0.001), and ß = -0.34 (P <0.001), respectively. These research results serve as the initial reference for policies and studies related to the use of pig wastewater.
Assessing the Status of Information Technology Applications to Accounting Work by SMEs in Hanoi: Implications for E-accounting

Phan Le Trang, Phi Thi Diem Hong, Tran Nguyen Thi Yen, Nguyen Thi Hai Binh

Received: May 13, 2022 / Published: Dec 30, 2022
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which make up over 90% of the total number of enterprises in Vietnam, play important roles in economic development not only in Hanoi but also in the whole country. As an effective tool in business management, accounting supplies important information for making decisions. Recently, information technology in business, especially in accounting work or e-accounting, has increased, and along with many advantages in terms of job productivity, has also been considered as the source of changing the roles of accountants in business. In order to show evidence of these changes as being the background for issuing solutions to improve information technology applications in accounting areas of enterprises, this study conducted a survey of 186 small and medium-sized enterprises in Hanoi. The research results showed that the lack of knowledge of current accounting staff is one of the two biggest obstacles to improving the application of information technology or developing e-accounting in accounting areas of small and medium-sized enterprises. Almost all the enterprises accepted the positive features of information technology for accounting work, however they still strongly considered the dynamics as well as the satisfaction of specific information technology products in their accounting work, especially in dealing with new business transactions.
Characterizing Beef Consumption Behaviors of Households in Dien Bien Province, Vietnam

Pham Van Hung, Nguyen Thi Duong Nga, Bui Van Quang, Duong Nam Ha, Tran The Cuong, Pham Kieu My, Adhikari Rajendra, Le Thi Thanh Huyen, Ives Stephen

Received: Apr 27, 2022 / Published: Sep 30, 2022
The basket of meat consumption has changed during the last decade in Vietnam, including increased consumption of beef. This paper analyzes the beef consumption behaviors of households in Dien Bien province, located in Northwest Vietnam. Data were collected from a survey of 108 consumers and three focus group discussions. It was evident that the preferences of beef consumers were varied between different ethnic groups. The important criteria used in selecting meat were color, freshness, and tenderness. Consumers mentioned, but had little concern, for meat packaging, nutritional information, or quality certification, while they showed almost no concern for animal welfare in purchasing beef. As the consumers’ choice of purchasing beef was very much influenced by meat appearance, improving the conditions of butcher counters is suggested as an immediate measure. There exists an opportunity to introduce ‘cold’ beef widely as a longer-term measure.
A Review on Potential Application of CRISPR/Cas Systems in the Improvement of the Growth Habits and Fruit Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Vietnam

Van Hai Tong, Trinh Thi Thu Thuy, Phan Thi Hien, Chu Duc Ha, La Viet Hong, Tran Van Tien, Nguyen Quoc Trung

Received: Aug 16, 2021 / Published: Mar 30, 2022
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is known as the most important vegetable crop that is widely cultivated throughout the world. Improvements of the growth, development, and productivity have become core strategies for the sustainable development of tomato in many countries. Here, we performed an intensive summary of recent applications of genome editing in customizing the growth habits and fruit quality in tomato plants. First, the advantages of genome editing, particularly CRISPR/Cas systems, were introduced. We then summarized all up-to-date studies related to the genome editing-based functional characterization of genes of interest in tomato with the aim of designing the growth habits and enhancing the fruit quality. Finally, we discussed the potential applications of this promising tool in tomato breeding programs in Vietnam. Taken together, our review has provided a wide view for further studies towards improving the growth, development, and productivity of tomato in Vietnam.
Climate Change and Farmers' Adaptation Strategies: The Case of Rice Producers in Nghe An Province, Vietnam

Vu Thanh Bien, Ho Nguyen Diem Tien, Ngo Thanh Son, Bui Le Vinh, Nguyen Van Quan, Do Thi Duc Hanh, Pham Duy Khanh, Tran Trong Phuong

Received: Aug 03, 2021 / Published: Mar 30, 2022
This research aimed at assessing climate trends and adaptation strategies to the impacts of climate change on rice producers in Nghe An province. For the first objective, multiple graphs, the Mann–Kendall test, and Sen’s Slope test were employed to analyze the secondary data of rainfall, temperature, and rice yield in Nghe An from 1995 to 2019. The results showed that the rice productivity of Nghe An increased over the 25-year period, annual rainfall decreased in the winter-spring season, and annual temperature increased in the summer-autumn season. For the second objective, primary data were collected by conducting household surveys of 396 households in Nghe An province. Sixty-two percent of farmers did not adopt any adaptive strategies, while other strategies included changing the planting schedule, growing stress-tolerant crops, improving irrigation practices, and utilizing fertilizer and other good practices. Multivariate probit regression (MVP) was employed to analyze the factors affecting the adaptation strategies of households in the study area. The results of MVP showed that age, education, gender, household size, farm size, cooperative, farmer organization, extension services, access to credit, access to irrigation, rainfall, and living in Quynh Luu or Dien Chau significantly affected the farmers’ choice. The results implied that farmers can obtain advanced technology, social learning, and community practices by participating in farmer organizations and cooperatives. In specified area, local authorities should invest in improving irrigation systems, practicing land consolidation, practicing special farming techniques, and providing timely weather forecasts for enhancing farmers’ resilience.
Water Quality Assessment and Eutrophic Classification of Hanoi Lakes Using Different Indices

Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, Dinh Tien Dzung, Ho Thi Thuy Hang, Trinh Quang Huy, Nguyen Ngoc Tu

Received: Nov 05, 2020 / Published: Dec 31, 2021
The trophic levels in urban lakes are typically based on the forms of nutrition and phytoplankton communities in the lakes. In this study, comparisons between eutrophication indices and the water quality index (VN-WQI) were used to classify the water quality of 20 lakes in Hanoi, Vietnam. The results showed that the water quality ranged from very bad to poor. High levels of the eutrophication phenomenon in terms of total N and P were observed in all sampling sites. Cyanobacteria was the dominate algae phylum making up 65.78% of the total population, whereas Chlorophyta (including 19 genera) was the most diverse phylum. The density of the algae was 5,000-14,000 cells mL-1 and the chlorophyll-a level was 10-40 µg L-1. Based on this information, the water quality levels in the lakes were classified from eutrophic to polytrophic. The Trophic Status Index (TSI) and Trophic Level Index (TLI) values were 66.9-86.0 and 54.4-76.0 points, respectively, corresponding from eutrophic to extreme-trophic. Classifications based on algae community structure indices were from oligotrophic to eutrophic, similar and consistent with the TLI classifications. According to the results in this study, the TLI was found to be more accurate and precise than the other indices. It is recommended that the TLI is an applicable tool to classify eutrophication in urban lakes.
Generation of Synthetic Peptide-Specific Antibody for the Development of A Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus Diagnostic Test

Do Thi Hanh, Nguyen Anh Minh, Nguyen Van Cuu, Phung Thi Thanh Huong, Pham Xuan Hoi, Nguyen Duy Phuong

Received: May 18, 2020 / Published: Oct 29, 2021
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) causes severe epidemical disease on rice with the infected area up to millions of hectares in South China and North and Central of Vietnam. So far, there are no effective, cheap, quick, and practicable methods for diagnosing SRBSDV. The conventional RT-PCR technique is the most popular method for detecting SRBSDV with high accuracy. However, it is hard to apply this method for large-scale SDBSDV diagnosis because of the requirements of expensive reagents and instruments, as well as complex procedures. Meanwhile, SRBSDV diagnostic techniques based on antigen detection have outstanding advantages due to their low cost, easy manipulation, and wide application possibility. Today, there are still no commercially available specific antibodies to SRBSDV. In a previous study, to develop the SRBSDV diagnostic technique by the ELISA technique, a SRBSDV specific antibody was generated by a recombinant P10 envelope protein (66kDa), which has a titer of 1:5,000. In this study, we continued to study the production of SRBSDV specific polyclonal antibodies from small antigen–rich peptides from the SRBSDV P10 envelope protein. The resulting purified antibody can specifically bind to the P10 protein and at the diluted concentration of 1:100,000 it can detect SRBSDV in infected rice samples via the dot-blot technique. Our research results open up new opportunities for proactive antibodies to develop a SRBSDV membrane rapid diagnostic kit.
Swine Production and Challenges in Vietnam after African Swine Fever: A Case Study in Peri-Urban Hanoi, Vietnam

Nguyen Thi Duong Nga, Pham Van Hung, Le Thi Long Vy, Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen, Duong Nam Ha, Giang Huong

Received: Dec 15, 2020 / Published: Jun 18, 2021
The goal of this paper was to identify major challenges in rebuilding the swine industry in Vietnam, using the Chuong My district, Hanoi as a case study. Primary data was gathered in 2020 mainly through a survey of 97 swine producers in the district. Analysis tools were descriptive and comparative statistics. Results show that after the ASF outbreak, the recovery of the swine industry in Vietnam faced several challenges, including the issues of piglet quantity and quality, changing consumer preferences which were worsened by the current Covid-19 pandemic, relatively cost disadvantage of domestic production under the context of new free trade agreements, disease risk (ASF under the condition of no effective and safe vaccine), insufficient resources of farms to restock, and environmental issues caused by swine production in rural areas. The paper proposed several recommendations to rebuilding the swine herd in order to address the issues and overcome the challenges, mainly focus on improving sow quality, market information and linkages, good practices in production, training for labor, and address environmental issues.
Assessment of Land Resources Potentials for Orientated Agriculture Land Use in Ham Thuan Bac district, Binh Thuan province

Nguyen Huu Thanh, Hoang Le Huong, Ngo Thanh Son, Luyen Huu Cu, Nguyen Duc Hung, Nguyen Tho Hoang, Nguyen Van Thao

Received: Mar 26, 2020 / Published: Dec 31, 2020
Land resources potential assessment is a valuable method for orienting land use planning in the world as well as in Vietnam.The objectives of the study are (1) to assess land suitability and (2) to orient the effective use of agricultural land in the study area. Results indicated that Ham Thuan Bac has 107 land mapping units (LMU), in which includes 11 land-use types (LUTs) such as rice, corn, cassava and sweet potato, sugarcane, grass for livestock, vegetables, green dragon fruit, rubber, coffee, and other fruit trees. Agricultural land with high suitability (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) for mostly LUTs is small, however, marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable land (N) are quite large. More than 50% of the LUTs for growing rice, rubber, coffee, other fruit are not suitable; the remaining LUTs have unsuitable land ranging from 10.76% to 25.16% of agricultural land in the district. Based on land suitability classification, we propose to keep 8550 ha with S1, S2, and a part of S3 area to be irrigated for cultivating rice; 9071.7ha of dragon fruit land including 694.67 ha of S1 and 8377.03 ha of S2 land; and only cultivate annual crops, fruit trees and grazing grass on the land with suitble levels from S1 to S3 of the current status.The remainingareas ofS3 and N for riceand areas of S2 and S3for green dragon fruit under S2, S3with active and semi-active irrigation regimeswill be converted to annual crops and fruit trees and grass for livestock.
Factors Affecting the Capacity of Accounting Software in Controlling Frauds and Errors in Small and Medium Enterprises (Smes): A Case Study of SMEs in Hanoi, Vietnam

Ngo Thi Thu Hang, Vu Thi Hai, Tran Quang Trung, Vu Manh Chien, Nguyen Thi Hong Nga

Received: Jun 13, 2020 / Published: Mar 05, 2021
Financial accounting information has impacted the operation of enterprises, especially SMEs. With the development of technology, digital accounting applications are playing an increasingly important role in minimizing mistakes, and ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of accounting information. Using multiple discriminant analyses, this study confirmed the significance of accounting software in reducing frauds and errors in SMEs’ businesses despite some drawbacks. It showed that the managers’ ability to access the software and the decentralization of power in accessing the accounting software were the two key factors deciding the success/failure of applying accounting software to control frauds and errors. In addition, smart applications of the accounting software positively contributed to the elimination of frauds in enterprises. Based on these results, recommendations are drawn for SMEs, such as investing more in smart applications of accounting software, as well as updating knowledge about accounting for management, in order to get more advantages from accounting software applications for their business in the long term.
Detection of Ascaris suum in the Livers of Chickens Infected Naturally by the Nested Multiplex PCR Assay

Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen, Nguyen Thi Hop, Tran Hai Thanh, Nguyen Van Phuong, Nguyen Thi Hong Chien, Bui Khanh Linh, Do Trung Dung

Received: May 26, 2020 / Published: Nov 27, 2020
This study was conducted to detect Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis, and Toxocara cati in naturally infected chicken livers, and then to provide information related to ascarid infections in humans. Ninety-four chicken liver samples collected at a fresh market were used for this study. DNA was extracted from each minced liver sample (500 mg) by the alkaline lysis method using NaOH 50mM and Tris-HCl (pH 8.0). The nested multiplex PCR assay using ascarid universal primers was applied to amplify the ITS1 ribosomal RNA gene of A. suum, Toxocara canis, and Toxocara cati in all the liver samples. Then, species specific-primers were used to discriminate between A. suum and Toxocara spp. The results showed that 2 of the 94 chicken liver samples detected positive for the presence of A. suum DNA. This study provided useful information and evidence about A. suum infection in humans via exposure to contaminated soil or eating raw/undercooked chicken livers in Vietnam.
Influence of Mastitis and Repeat Breeding Incidence on Participation in the Animal Insurance Program for Dairy Farmers in Ba Vi, Hanoi, Vietnam

Koide Kentaro, Murata Ryo, Au Xuan Khoa, Nguyen Khanh Ly, Phan Thi Tam, Vu Thi Thu Tra, Duong Van Nhiem, Kubota Satoko, Kono Hiroichi, Makita Kohei

Received: Jun 15, 2019 / Published: May 15, 2020
The livestock insurance program for dairy farmers in Vietnam targeting various acute diseases began in 2011 as a pilot project; however, due to vaccination campaigns, outbreaks of such diseases are rare. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mastitis and reproductive failure-which chronically affect the farming economy-on the decision to participate in the insurance program. A survey involving a questionnaire and milk sampling from apparently healthy animals was conducted on the 38 participating and 59 non-participating dairy farms in the livestock insurance program in Ba Vi, Hanoi, Vietnam, in August 2014. Microbiological tests were performed to detect sub-clinical mastitis, whereas the questionnaire was administered to collect information regarding farm management and the occurrence of clinical mastitis and reproductive failure over the previous three months. There were no significant differences in the proportion of farms having cows with clinical mastitis (insured: 8/38 farms, 21.1% vs. non-insured: 13/58 farms, NA = 1, 22.8%, p = 1) and repeat breeders (insured: 16/36 farms, NA = 2, 44.4% vs. non-insured: 20/57 farms, NA = 2, 35.1%, p = 0.49) over the previous three months. The proportion of farms having cows with sub-clinical mastitis at the time of the survey was also not significantly different between insured (5/38 farms, 13.2%) and non-insured (7/59 farms, 11.91%) farms (p = 1). Based on the obtained results, neither endemic disease nor farm management is respectably involved in the decision of farms to participate in the animal insurance program targeting acute animal infectious diseases.
Effects of Caffeine on In Vitro Fertilization of Pig Follicular Oocytes

Thuong Thi Nguyen, Dat Tien Nguyen, Hanh Van Nguyen, Duc Huu Nguyen, Linh Viet Nguyen

Received: Oct 19, 2018 / Accepted: Oct 22, 2018 / Published: Oct 22, 2018
In the present study, experiments were conducted to assess the effects of caffeine on in vitro fertilization of pig follicular oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from porcine ovaries from slaughterhouses, cultured in in vitro maturation medium 1 (IVM1) at 38.5oC for 20-22 hours and then in in vitro maturation medium 2 (IVM2) for the next 24 hours. Only the oocytes with expanded cumulus cells were selected for in vitro fertilization. Boar frozen semen was used for the porcine IVF procedure. The spermatozoa were pre-incubated in modified TCM 199 medium and subsequently incubated for 3 hours in porcine fertilization medium (pig FM) supplemented with either 2 mM or 5 mM of caffeine. They were cultured in IVC1 medium supplemented with pyruvate and lactate from day 0 to day 2, and then in IVC2 medium supplemented with glucose from day 2 to day 6. The results indicate that pig FM containing 5 mM caffeine gave a higher penetration rate than 2 mM caffeine (33.4% vs. 11.4%, respectively). The blastocyst rates of the two groups were not significantly different (8.4% and 8.0%). In conclusion, a higher caffeine concentration in the fertilization medium may ensure the production of in vitro porcine embryos with acceptable productivity utilizable for further studies on this subject.
In-vitro Culturability of Soybean Cultivars test

Vu Thi Thuy Hang, Hoang Duc Nhat Linh, Dinh Truong Son, Le Thi Tuyet Cham

Received: Mar 25, 2024 / Accepted: Aug 12, 2024 / Published: Jun 28, 2024
In-vitro regeneration of soybean is a prerequisite for successful genetic transformation. This study aimed to investigate the culturability of three soybean cultivars for in-vitro regeneration, focusing on genotypes, media, explant types, and plant growth regulators. Shoot tips, cotyledons, and hypocotyl segments were excised from 7-day-old in-vitro seedlings as explants for subsequent in-vitro regeneration. All cultivars exhibited good callus formation from all types of explants, with shoot tips and cotyledons being more suitable. Calluses were induced on Gamborg B5 or Murashige and Skoog (MS) media using various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D). The combination of BA and TDZ or BA and 2,4D exerted an inhibitory effect on shoot and root induction. Media supplemented with BA produced calluses at a rate of 100%. Appropriate BA concentrations for shoot induction for ĐT35 and VNUAĐ2 were 1.0-2.0 mg L-1, and 2.0-3.0 mg L-1, respectively. MS + 2 mg L-1 BA for shoot tip explants and MS + 3.0 mg L-1 BA for cotyledon explants were appropriate to induce calluses and shoots. As BA concentrations increased, the root induction rate gradually decreased considerably. For both ĐT35 and VNUAĐ2, MS + 2.0 mg L-1 BA + 0.5 or 1.0 mg L-1 αNAA could be used to multiply calluses. Although shoots induced from calluses of ĐT35 were observed on MS + 1.5 or 2.0 mg L-1 BA + 1 mg L-1 αNAA, no shoots were observed for VNUAĐ2.
Inhibitory Effects of Ludwigia Octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven Extracts on the Growth of Microcystis Aeruginosa

Nguyen Xuan Hoa, Tran Thi Thuy, Vu Thi Huyen, Phung Thi Vinh, Pham Trung Duc, Doan Thi Thuy Ai

Received: Jun 12, 2023 / Published: Dec 30, 2023
This study examined the phytochemical composition and algicidal effectiveness of Ludwigia octovalvis. The powder samples were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with polar solvents (water-diluted ethanol, acetone, methanol, and water). The preliminary phytochemical analyses used standard procedures following Sofowora and Harborne. Total phenolic contents in extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method using a calibration curve of gallic acid. The results showed that this plant contains polyphenols, flavonoids, anthraquinones, glycosides, and saponins. The best conditions for the extraction of polyphenol compounds with a total polyphenol content of 149.22 ± 0.96 mg GAE g-1 were acetone/water 70:30 (v/v) and a solvent-to-material ratio of 20 mL g-1. The inhibitory effect of the extracts against M. aeruginosa growth increased from 40.71 to 81.56% on day 7 when exposed to concentrations of the extract from 50-200 μg mL-1 according to the cell counting method. The L. octovalvis extract was identified as an effective inhibitor of the growth of M. aeruginosa.

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