Identification of Three Toxocara species, T. canis in Dogs, and T. cati and T. malaysiensis in cats, in Vietnam by PCR-RFLP Analysis and DNA Sequencing

Date Received: Jul 25, 2022

Date Published: Dec 29, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2023.6.4.02

Views

547

Download

135

Issue: Vol. 6 No. 4 (2023): Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Section:

ANIMAL SCIENCE – VETERINARY MEDICINE – AQUACULTURE

How to Cite:

Yen, N., Phuong, N., Hieu, D., & Anh, N. (2023). Identification of Three Toxocara species, T. canis in Dogs, and T. cati and T. malaysiensis in cats, in Vietnam by PCR-RFLP Analysis and DNA Sequencing. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(4), 1917–1923. https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2023.6.4.02

Identification of Three Toxocara species, T. canis in Dogs, and T. cati and T. malaysiensis in cats, in Vietnam by PCR-RFLP Analysis and DNA Sequencing

Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen (*) 1 , Nguyen Van Phuong 1 , Duong Duc Hieu 1   , Nguyen Thi Lan Anh 1

  • Corresponding author: nthyen@vnua.edu.vn
  • 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam

    • Keywords

    Toxocara roundworm, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxocara malaysiensis, PCR-RFLP

    Abstract


    Toxocara canis and T. cati are common roundworms parasitizing dogs and cats, respectively. However, a recent study detected T. malaysiensis, but not T. cati, in cats from some parts of Ha Noi and Nam Dinh Provinces raising the question of whether T. cati is present in cats in Vietnam. This study was conducted to determine the composition of Toxocara species in dogs and cats in Vietnam. One hundred and twenty-seven Toxocara adult worms were collected from dogs and cats and were analyzed by PCR-RFLP assay and DNA sequencing of a partial section of the cox1 gene. As a result, all samples amplified by PCR showed bands about 430 bp in length. PCR products digested by MseI from isolates from cats and dogs showed four and two restriction patterns, respectively. The six different patterns were chosen to sequence. Based on the restriction patterns and sequencing results, two Toxocara species were identified in the cats, namely T. cati (110/111 isolates) and T. malaysiensis (1/111 isolates) collected from Ha Noi and Hai Duong, respectively; and T. canis was identified in the dogs (16/16 isolates). In addition, the present study indicated intra-specific sequence variations of Toxocara spp. in dogs and cats. In conclusion, the study confirmed the presence of both T. cati and T. malaysiensis in cats, and T. canis in dogs in Vietnam, and suggests further large-scale investigations to fully understand the distribution and genetic variations of Toxocara spp. in cats and dogs in Vietnam.

    References

    Anh N. T. L., Thuy D. T. T, Hoan D. H., Hop N. T & Dung D. T. (2016). Levels of Toxocara infections in dogs and cats from urban Vietnam together with associated risk factors for transmission. Journal of Helminthology. 90: 508-510.

    Bowman D. D. (2014). Georgis’ Parasitology for Veterinarians (10th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co.

    Fava N. M. N, Cury M. C., Santos H. A., Takeuchi-Storm N., Strube C., Zhu X. Q., Taira K., Odoevskaya I., Panovag O., Mateus T. L. & Nejsum N. (2020). Phylogenetic relationships among Toxocara spp. and Toxascaris sp. from different regions of the world. Veterinary Parasitology. 282: 109-133.

    Fogt-Wyrwas R., Mizgajska-Wiktor H., Pacon J. & Jarosz W. (2013). Intraspecific variation between the ITS sequences of Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina from different host species in south-western Poland. Journal of Helminthology. 87: 432-442.

    Gasser R. B., Zhu X. Q., Jacobs D. E., Hu M. & Chilton N. B. (2006). Molecular genetic characterisation of members of the genus Toxocara (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) - taxonomic, population genetic, and epidemiological considerations. In: Holland C. & Smith H. (Eds.). Toxocara: The Enigmatic Parasite. CABI Publishing, Wallingford: 18-31.

    Gibbons L. M., Jacobs, D. E. & Sani, R. A. (2001). Toxocara malaysiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from domestic cat (Felis catus L.). Journal of Parasitology. 87: 660-665.

    He X., Lv M. N., Liu G. H. & Lin R. Q. (2017): Genetic analysis of Toxocara cati (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from Guangdong province, subtropical China. Mitochondrial DNA Part A. DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1258404.

    Jacobs, D. E., Zhu X., Gasser R. B. & Chilton N. B. (1997). PCR-based methods for identification of potentially zoonotic ascaridoid parasites of the dog, fox and cat. Acta Tropica. 68: 191-200.

    Kim H. C., Hong E. J., Ryu S. Y., Park J., Cho J. G., Yu D. H., Chae J. S., Choi K. S. & Park B. K. (2020). Morphological and molecular characterization of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from striped field mice, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea. The Korean Journal Parasitol. 58(4): 403-411.

    Le T. H., Anh, N. T. L., Nguyen K. T., Nguyen N. T. B., Thuy D. T. T. & Gasser R. B. (2016). Toxocara malaysiensis infections in domestic cats in Vietnam-an emerging zoonotic issue? Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 37: 94-98.

    Li M. W., Zhu X. Q., Gasser R. B., Lin R. Q., Sani R. A., Lun Z. R. & Jacobs D. E. (2006). The occurrence of Toxocara malaysiensis in cats in China, confirmed by sequence-based analyses of ribosomal DNA. Parasitology Research. 99: 554-557.

    Magnaval J. F., Glickman L. T., Dorchies P. & Morassini B. (2001). Human highlights of Toxocariasis. The Journal of Korean Parasitology. 39(1): 1-11.

    Mikaeili F., Mathis A., Deplazes P., Mirhendi H., Barazesh A., Ebrahimi S. & Kia E. B. (2017). Differentiation of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati based on PCR-RFLP analyses of rDNA-ITS and mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 regions. Acta Parasitologica. 62(3): 549-556.

    Nguyen T. H. Y., Wang Z., Maruyama H., Horii Y., Nonaka N. & Yoshida A. (2016). Evaluation of real-time PCR assay for the detection of Ascaris suum contamination in meat and organ meats. Journal of Food Safety. 37(2): 1-6.

    Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen, Tran Hai Thanh, Nguyen Van Phuong, Pham Thi Toi & Dong The Anh (2020). The status of intestinal parasite infection in dogs and risk potential of zoonotic disease of parasites. Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 27(8): 71-76 (in Vietnamese).

    Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen, Dong The Anh & Nguyen Thi Lan Anh (2022). The current infection of intestinal parasites in cats in some areas of Hanoi and Hai Duong. Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 29(4): 56-61 (in Vietnamese).

    Pawar R. M., Lakshmikantan U., Hasan S., Poornachandar A. & Shivaji S. (2012). Detection and molecular characterization of ascarid nematode infection (Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara cati) in captive Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica). Acta Parasitologica. 57(1): 67-73.

    Nguyen Thi Quyen, Nguyen Thi Kim Lan & Pham Ngoc Doanh (2016). Molecular phylogenetic relationship of Toxocara canis isolated from dogs in Phu Tho province, Vietnam. Journal of Biology. 38(2): 140-145 (in Vietnamese).

    Wang Z., Shibata M., Nguyen Y. T. H., Hayata Y., Nonaka N., Maruyama H. & Yoshida A. (2018). Development of nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Ascaris suum contamination in meat and organ meats. Parasitology International. 67: 622-628.

    Zhu X., Gasser R. B., Chilton N. B. & Jacobs D. E. (2001). Molecular approaches for studying ascarid nematodes with zoonotic potential, with an emphasis on Toxocara species. Journal of Helminthology. 75: 101-108.